Are the inheritance laws in the Quran fair?

**AhmedBahgat**

Salam borthers and sisters

I received a question regarding the inheritance laws in the Quran and would like to share my answer with you:

**BMZ**

Yes, Ahmed, the laws of inheritance in Qur'aan are very fair. Everyone gets a share.

It was a common practise among Arabs before the advent of Islam that the son would normally get all the wealth of his father. If the son died and his father was alive, the father would get all his wealth. If a man died and had more sons, it would be upto the eldest son to give what he liked, to the other brother/s. Women had no right. If a man died, had no son/sons or adult sons, then his brother or the nearest relative could have all his wealth including his wife, daughters and young sons, if any. The wealth went to the strongest and the most powerful in the family. Under the cover of looking after a man's wife and daughters, the man would usurp the wealth of the deadman's wife and the orphans. Even the woman and the daughters became his property. Only a married daughter, left behind by a wealthy man, could have her father's wealth. If she were not married, another nearest relative could grab her wealth. Islam stopped all that unfair practice.

That unfair practice was stopped in Islam, when the law of distribution of wealth, for a deceased person, was ordained. Everyone was given a share.

The most striking part is what you have mentioned, including the translation and I have been explaining to people that

آبَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبناؤُكُمْ لاَ تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ عَلِيما حَكِيمًا (11

means when explained properly:

Of your parents and your children, you would not know who among your nearest ones, will be the best for you and the most sincere to you in looking after your interests and those you left behind. Allah, who is fully aware of what happens, gives the best advice to give a share to each in the family.

Regarding the part of the verse أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً , when literally translated it means "Which one of them will be profitable for you." You have rightfully used the word "Useful" which is a better word for the English translation. In the Arabic of Qur'aan, it simply means what I wrote in the explanatory meanings.

Salaams
BMZ

**AhmedBahgat** · Last edited by AhmedBahgat on Mon 03 Dec, 2007 1:55 am; edited 1 time in total

**AhmedBahgat** · Last edited by AhmedBahgat on Mon 03 Dec, 2007 1:40 am; edited 1 time in total

**AhmedBahgat**

**BMZ**

**AhmedBahgat**

**AhmedBahgat**

**AhmedBahgat**

**AhmedBahgat** · Last edited by AhmedBahgat on Thu 06 Dec, 2007 2:09 pm; edited 1 time in total

**AhmedBahgat**

**AhmedBahgat**

Hello All

Until the ignorant goons on FFI find an answer for the mother of all arguments that I presented in this thread in regards to the inheritance laws in the Quran (4:11, 4:12 & 4:176), which I know will take them a life time, I will take the chance to teach those who want to learn Arabic, (The Dual words), btw I have an Arabic grammar book that I refer to, I might scan a few pages from it and post it later (itÃ??????Ã?????Ã????Ã???Ã??Ã?Â¢??s all in Arabic)

Most Arabic singular nouns can be converted to dual by adding two letters at its end

The two letters can be any of the following:

1) Alif + Noon, i.e. ان, pronounced: AN
2) Ya + Noon, i.e. ين, pronounced: AYN

Which method we should use above to make dual words?, it all depends on something called Irab, i.e. identifying the vowel at the last letter(s) of the word

As I explained earlier in this thread, there are 3 commonly used vowels, those 3 are the ones that will control which method of the above 2 we go for to create dual words of their corresponding singular words

The 3 methods of Irab that apply to those three vowels are as follow:

i) Marfoo Bi Dummah (oooooo)
ii) Mansoob Bi Fatiha (aaaaaaa)
iii) Magroor Bi Kasirah (eeeeeee)

However the above vowels can not apply to the dual nouns, instead it goes like this:

The 3 methods of Irab that apply to dual words are as follow:

i) Marfoo Bi Alif (which is the pre-last letter, ie. the Alif before the Noon - Method 1 to create dual words, seen above)
ii) Mansoob Bi Ya (which is the pre-last letter, ie. the Ya before the Noon - Method 2 to create dual words, seen above)
iii) Magroor Bi Ya (which is the pre-last letter, ie. the Ya before the Noon - Method 2 to create dual words, seen above)

Let me show you a few examples to singular Arabic nouns then show you their dual forms as appeared in the Quran:

A) الْمَشْرِق , Al Mashriq, The East, another word is : الْمَغْرِبَ , Al Maghrib, The West

To make the above words dual, we may add Alif + Noon, or Ya + Noon to the last letter in each word above depending on Irab, here is the two words above in dual form as appeared in 55:17, the Irab of each word is Muddaf Ilaih, i.e. both must be Magroor Bi Ya, i.e. we have to use Ya + Noon to make both dual:

رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ (17)

[The Quran ; 55:17]
-> I.e. Lord of the two easts and Lord of the two wests

B) الْبَحْر , Al Bahr, The Sea

To make the above word dual, we may add Alif + Noon, or Ya + Noon to the last letter depending on Irab, here is the word above in dual form as appeared in 55:19, the Irab the word is Mafool Bihi, i.e. it must be Mansoob Bi Ya, i.e. we have to use Ya + Noon to make it dual:

مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ (19)

[The Quran ; 55:19]
-> I.e. He has made the two seas to flow, they meet together

C) جنة , Jannah, Garden

To make the above word dual, we may add Alif + Noon, or Ya + Noon to the last letter depending on Irab, here is the word above in dual form as appeared in 55:46, the Irab the word is Mubtadda , i.e. it must be Marfoo Bi Alif, i.e. we have to use Alif + Noon to make it dual:

وَلِمَنْ خَافَ مَقَامَ رَبِّهِ جَنَّتَانِ (46)

[The Quran ; 55:46]
-> I.e. And for him who fears to stand before his Lord are two gardens.

D) الثُّلُثُ , Al Thulth, the one-third

To make the above word dual, we may add Alif + Noon, or Ya + Noon to the last letter depending on Irab, here is the word above in dual form as appeared in 4:176, the Irab the word is Mubtadda , i.e. it must be Marfoo Bi Alif, i.e. we have to use Alif + Noon to make it dual:

يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلاَلَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَآ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانُواْ إِخْوَةً رِّجَالاً وَنِسَاء فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ اللّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّواْ وَاللّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ (176)

[The Quran ; 4:176]
-> I.e. And if they are two sisters then the two-third is for them

At the end of this class I woul like to give you a small test, here is 4:11 for you and I will give a lolli if you can find the word Thulthan or Thulthayn i.e. two-third:

يُوصِيكُمُ اللّهُ فِي أَوْلاَدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاء فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهُ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُ أَبَوَاهُ فَلأُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ فَلأُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِن بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِي بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ آبَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبناؤُكُمْ لاَ تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْ أَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعاً فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ اللّهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ عَلِيما حَكِيمًا (11)

[The Quran ; 4:11]

See you next lesson

Cheers

**BMZ**

My hat off to you, Ahmed. Thanks for explaining the basics.

You wrote so well:

رَبُّ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ وَرَبُّ الْمَغْرِبَيْنِ (17)

[The Quran ; 55:17]
-> I.e. Lord of the two easts and Lord of the two wests

The FFI goons will now be asking you,"How can there be two Easts and two Wests?" Laughing

Don't answer but instead ask them to explain. Can you post that question to Ali Sina and ask him to explain? Laughing

Salaams
BMZ

**AhmedBahgat**

**AhmedBahgat**